Journal
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 636-645Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1087054719837746
Keywords
overdiagnosis; overtreatment; underdiagnosis; psychosocial impairment
Categories
Funding
- Japan Scientific Research Grant on an Innovative Area from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT KAKENHI) [23118002]
- Japan Scientific Research Grant on an Innovative Area from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [16H06395, 16H06398, 16K21720, JP16H06395]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [16H03745]
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Project [Kokoronokenko H27-H31]
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB)
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H06395, 16H03745, 16H06398, 16K21720] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The study found that undiagnosed persistent ADHD symptoms significantly affect the psychosocial functioning of children, including self-esteem, depression, and more. This highlights the need to pay more attention to the potential underdiagnosis of ADHD in children.
Objective: To describe the psychosocial functioning in children with undiagnosed persistent ADHD symptoms. Method: A prospective, population-based birth cohort study was conducted among 2,945 children and their primary caregivers who lived in Tokyo, Japan, and were followed up at the age of 10 years and 12 years. Parents reported a history of ADHD diagnosis and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: Overall, 91 participants had persistent ADHD symptoms; however, 76 (83.5%) had no history of an ADHD diagnosis. The presence of undiagnosed ADHD symptoms was significantly associated with worse psychosocial functioning for most continuous outcomes when compared with the absence of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis, including lower self-esteem (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.31) and higher depression (SMD = 0.36), emotional symptoms (SMD = 0.69), conduct problems (SMD = 1.26), and peer relationship problems (SMD = 0.98). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the importance of paying more attention to the possible underdiagnosis of ADHD in children.
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