Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
Volume 775, Issue -, Pages 372-382Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.045
Keywords
Friction stir spot welding; Aluminum/copper dissimilar metals; Microstructural evolution mechanism; Intermetallics; Tensile behavior
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51205084]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2016EEM43]
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Dissimilar lap joints of 1060 aluminum and T2 copper were obtained by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) at various rotational speeds. The measured process variables during welding revealed that an increasing rotational speed leads to a higher peak temperature but a lower torque and plunging force due to the greater softening degree of material. A continuous CuAl2-CuAl-Al4Cu9 laminated layer developed at the Al-Cu interface under the highest rotational speed, while the interface was characterized by the interruptedly distributed CuAl2 layer under lower rotational speeds. Intermetallic compound (IMC) formation sequence for CuAl2, CuAl and Al4Cu9 was predicted according to thermodynamic principles, which is consistent with the interfacial microstructure evolution identified by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Besides the metallurgical bonding through the IMC layer at the Al-Cu interface, joints have a Cu hook extruded upward by the pin tool from the lower Cu sheet into the upper Al sheet, which provided additional mechanical interlocking between the sheets. Tensile properties of the joints were closely related to the thickness of the IMC layer and geometric features of the hook, higher tensile properties were found in joints owning a continuous interfacial IMC layer with a proper thickness as well as a high penetration depth of the hook into the upper Al sheet. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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