Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 328-335Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13940
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL094601, R01 HL113436, R01 HL121218] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI119506, P01 AI116501] Funding Source: Medline
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Neutrophils are often viewed as nonspecialized effector cells whose presence is a simple indicator of tissue inflammation. There is new evidence that neutrophils exist in subsets and have specialized effector functions that include extracellular trap generation and the stimulation of angiogenesis. The application of intravital imaging to transplanted organs has revealed novel requirements for neutrophil trafficking into graft tissue and has illuminated direct interactions between neutrophils and other leukocytes that promote alloimmunity. Paradoxically, retaining some neutrophilia may be important to induce or maintain tolerance. Neutrophils can stimulate anti-inflammatory signals in other phagocytes and release molecules that inhibit T cell activation. In this article, we will review the available evidence of how neutrophils regulate acute and chronic inflammation in transplanted organs and discuss the possibility of targeting these cells to promote tolerance.
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