Journal
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Volume 253, Issue -, Pages 8-17Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.072
Keywords
Maternal depression; Socioemotional competence; Adolescent; Cohort study
Categories
Funding
- Brazilian Public Health Association (ABRASCO)
- Wellcome Trust [086974/Z/08/Z]
- World Health Organization [03014HNI]
- National Support Program for Centres of Excellence (PRONEX) [04/0882.7]
- Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) [481012-2009-5, 484077-2010-4, 470965-2010-0, 481141-2007-3]
- Brazilian Ministry of Health [25000.105293/2004-83]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2014/13864-6, 2017/22723-5]
- CNPq
- AIEF fellowship from the Miguel Hernandez University
- Children's Pastorate
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Background: Maternal depression is associated with impairments in child behavioural and emotional development although the effect of exposure to maternal depression until adolescence is underexplored in most studies. This longitudinal study examined the association between maternal depressive symptoms trajectories and offspring socioemotional competences at age 11. Methods: We included 3,437 11-year-old adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed during the follow-up waves. Adolescent socioemotional competences were peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviour, both assessed by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Locus of Control (LoC), assessed by Nowick-Strickland Internal-External Scale. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression models to examine the effects of maternal depression trajectories on offspring's socioemotional competences, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results: We identified five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: a low trajectory (32.6%), a moderate low (42.2%), a increasing (11.1%), a decreasing (9.2%), and a high-chronic trajectory (4.9%). Adolescents whose mothers had persistent depressive symptoms, either intermediate or high, had greater levels of peer relationship problems and lower levels of prosocial behaviour than those whose mothers had low depressive symptoms. These differences were not explained by socioeconomic, maternal, and child characteristics. Maternal depressive symptoms during offspring's life was not a predictor of LoC orientation. Limitations: Nearly 20% of original cohort were not included in the analysis due to missing data. Adolescent's socioemotional competences were ascertained by maternal report. Conclusion: Our study extended the evidences of the negative impact of severe and recurrent maternal depression on offspring's socioemotional competences until early adolescence.
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