Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 20, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061427
Keywords
ABA; flowering time; SnRK2s; bZIP; SAPK; rice (Oryza sativa L; )
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31871229]
- Agricultural Sciences and Technologies Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
- Chinese High-yielding Rice Transgenic Program [2016ZX08001004-001]
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As core components of ABA signaling pathway, SnRK2s (Sucrose nonfermenting1-Related protein Kinase 2) bind to and phosphorylate AREB/ABF (ABA responsive element binding protein/ABRE-binding factor) transcriptional factors, particularly bZIPs (basic region-leucine zipper), to participate in various biological processes, including flowering. Rice contains 10 SnRK2 members denoted as SAPK1-10 (Stress-Activated Protein Kinase) and dozens of bZIPs. However, which of the SAPKs and bZIPs pair and involve in ABA signaling remains largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a systematical protein-protein interactomic analysis of 10 SAPKs and 9 ABA-inducible bZIPs using yeast-two-hybrid technique, and identified 14 positive interactions. The reliability of Y2H work was verified by in vitro pull-down assay of the key flowering regulator bZIP77 with SAPK9 and SAPK10, respectively. Moreover, SAPK10 could phosphorylate bZIP77 in vitro. Over-expression of SAPK10 resulted in earlier flowering time, at least partially through regulating the FAC-MADS15 pathway. Conclusively, our results provided an overall view of the SAPK-bZIP interactions, and shed novel lights on the mechanisms of ABA-regulated rice flowering.
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