Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040797
Keywords
acid whey; electrodialysis; pulsed electric field; demineralization; scaling; lactic acid removal
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Industrial Research Chair on ElectroMembrane processes aiming the ecoefficiency improvement of biofood production lines [IRCPJ 492889-15]
- NSERC Discovery Grants Program [RGPIN-2018-04128]
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The drying of acid whey is hindered by its high mineral and organic acid contents, and their removal is performed industrially through expensive and environmentally impacting serial processes. Previous works demonstrated the ability to remove these elements by electrodialysis alone but with a major concernmembrane scaling. In this study, two conditions of pulsed electric field (PEF) were tested and compared to conventional DC current condition to evaluate the potential of PEF to mitigate membrane scaling and to affect lactic acid and salt removals. The application of a PEF 25 s/25 s pulse/pause combination at an initial under-limiting current density allowed for decreasing the amount of scaling, the final system electrical resistance by 32%, and the relative energy consumption up to 33%. The use of pulsed current also enabled better lactic acid removal than the DC condition by 10% and 16% for PEF 50 s/10 s and 25 s/25 s, respectively. These results would be due to two mechanisms: (1) the mitigation of concentration polarization phenomenon and (2) the rinsing of the membranes during the pause periods. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that PEF current conditions were used on acid whey to both demineralize and deacidify it.
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