Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
Volume 132, Issue -, Pages 1304-1317Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.151
Keywords
Chitosan/nano-lignin composite; Sorption; Methylene blue
Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia [FRGS 203/PTEKIND/6711525]
- Ministry of Education, Malaysia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
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The utilization of renewable and functional group enriched nano-lignin as bio-additve in fabricating composite has become the focus of attention worldwide. Herein, lignin nanoparticles in the form of hollow spheres with the diameter of the order of 138 +/- 39 nm were directly prepared from agro-industrial waste (palm kernel shell) using recyclable tetrahydrofuran in an acidified aqueous system without any chemical modification steps. We then fabricated a new chitosan/nano-lignin composite material as highly efficient sorbent, as demonstrated by efficient removal (similar to 83%) of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural pH conditions. The adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics and adequate fitting of the adsorption data using Langmuir model suggested a monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 74.07 mg g(-1). Moreover, thermodynamic study of the system revealed spontaneous and endothermic nature of the sorption process. Further studies revealed that chitosan composite with nano-lignin showed better performance in dye decontamination compared to native chitosan and chitosan/bulk lignin composite. This could essentially be attributed to synergistic effects of size particularity (nano-effect) and incorporated functionalities due to lignin nanoparticles. Recyclability study performed in four repeated adsorption/regeneration cycles revealed recyclable nature of as-prepared composite, whilst adsorption experiments using spiked real water samples indicated recoveries as high as 89%. Based on this study, as-prepared bio-nanocomposite may thus be considered as an efficient and reusable adsorptive platform for the decontamination of water supplies. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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