The complete mitochondrial genome of a medicinal insect, Hydrillodes repugnalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Erebidae), and related phylogenetic analysis

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of an important medicinal insect Hydrillodes repugnalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) was sequenced and analyzed. The mitogenome is circular with 15,570 bp long, and shows typical gene content and arrangement. Nucleotide composition is highly biased toward A + T nucleotides (81.1%). All protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with canonical start codon ATN, except for coxl being CGA The typical stop codon TM is used for most PCGs, while the nad4l uses the TAG, and coxl and cox2 use incomplete termination codon T. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) lacking the dihydrouridine arm. Comparative mitogenome analysis showed that the motif ATGATAA between atp8 and atp6, and the motif ATACTAA between trnS2 and nadl are commonly present in noctuoid mitogenomes. In A + T-rich regions, the motif ATAGA and subsequent poly-T structure, the motif ATTTA and followed macrosatellite (AT) element and an A-rich 3' end upstream of the trnM gene can be recognized across noctuoid mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that H. repugnalis is nested into the Erebidae Glade, consistently being sister to the Aganainae. Within Noctuoidea, the (Notodontidae + (Erebidae + (Nolidae + (Euteliidae + Noctuidae)))) was consistently recovered firstly based on multiple mitochondrial datasets. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.