Review on forecasting of photovoltaic power generation based on machine learning and metaheuristic techniques

The modernisation of the world has significantly reduced the prime sources of energy such as coal, diesel and gas. Thus, alternative energy sources based on renewable energy have been a major focus nowadays to meet the world's energy demand and at the same time to reduce global warming. Among these energy sources, solar energy is a major source of alternative energy that is used to generate electricity through photovoltaic (PV) system. However, the performance of the power generated is highly sensitive on climate and seasonal factors. The unpredictable behaviour of the climate affects the power output and causes an unfavourable impact on the stability, reliability and operation of the grid. Thus an accurate forecasting of PV output is a crucial requirement to ensure the stability and reliability of the grid. This study provides a systematic and critical review on the methods used to forecast PV power output with main focus on the metaheuristic and machine learning methods. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarised, based on historical data along with forecasting horizons and input parameters. Finally, a comprehensive comparison between machine learning and metaheuristic methods is compiled to assist researchers in choosing the best forecasting technique for future research.