Polarization-Diverse Holographic Metasurfaces

This letter presents the design and fabrication of polarization-diverse metasurface leaky-wave antennas that are composed of simple isotropic square patches. Multiple vertical monopoles are employed to excite the metasurface. Each source, or a combination of sources, is designed to enable the metasurface to form a pencil beam with the desired horizontal, vertical, or circular polarization. A prototype of the antenna was realized, using a 3.175 mm thick substrate of dielectric constant 2.2, to operate at 12 GHz. It is also shown that, by employing only backward leaky waves to form the pencil beam, frequency scanning with a much larger scan-angle range can be achieved.