Journal
FUEL
Volume 239, Issue -, Pages 282-289Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.029
Keywords
Bio-oil; Pre-reforming; Ni-based catalyst; Fe/bio-char catalyst; Two-stage catalytic reforming; Syngas
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Funding
- Strategic International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Funds of National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFE0204000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51806079, 51606080, 51750110496]
- Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion [J17-18-904]
- Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Ni-based catalyst is prone to the deactivation by coke deposition during the catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil. In order to optimize catalytic activity of the Ni-based catalyst, a two-stage catalytic reforming scheme was proposed whereby a low-temperature (350-600 degrees C) pre-reforming process with a less expensive catalyst was introduced prior to the Ni-based catalyst. To study this scheme, the reforming experiments with different combinations of Fe/bio-char (in the first stage) and Ni-Ca/gamma-Al2O3 (in the second stage) were conducted. In addition to the quantification of product yields, the tar and gas were characterized with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence spectroscopy, a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography (GC). The results indicate that significant proportions of naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatics in the intermediate volatiles turned into furans, phenols and non-aromatics, which are easier to be reformed on Ni-based catalysts, via the Fe/bio-char pre-reforming, resulting in the increase of the final H-2 and CO yields of the overall process. At high pre-reforming temperatures (550-600 degrees C), the coke formation on Ni-based catalyst was significantly inhibited due to the Fe/bio-char pre-reforming. In addition, the results indicate that the spent Ni-based catalyst had more free NiO and NiAl2O4 spinel than the fresh one, suggesting that the increase in the catalytic activity of Ni-based catalyst during the reforming process was promoted by Fe/bio-char pre-reforming.
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