Detection of goat meat adulteration by real-time PCR based on a reference primer

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) has become one of the most concerned food safety issues. However, existing mainstream PCR methods could neither achieve qualitative detection purposes, nor detect all possible meat species involved in adulteration. When meat has been adulterated with unidentified species but the result indicates no adulteration, it is a false negative; when meat has not been adulterated deliberately but has somehow been polluted during its processing or packaging, a false positive emerges. A novel reference primer based real-time PCR approach was developed in this study for quantitative determination of goat meat adulterated with pork. By calculating the ratio of Ct (specificity/reference), a good linear correlation (R-2 = 0.9929) could be deduced for the goat meat content. We also successfully amplified simulated samples and the results showed high accuracy with an average recovery of 108.74% for the samples.