Essential oil from Brazilian Red Propolis exhibits anthelmintic activity against larvae of Toxocara cati

Toxocara spp. are responsible for causing toxocariasis, a zoonotic disease of global importance, which is difficult to treat as the available drugs have moderate efficacy in the clinical resolution of the disease. A promising alternative to the existing drugs is Propolis, which is known for having biological and pharmacological properties such as antiparasitic, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. In this study, we report the in vitro anthelmintic activity of essential oil from Brazilian Red Propolis (EOP) against larvae of Toxocara cad. Approximately 100 larvae per well were cultivated in microplates containing RPMI-1640 medium and incubated in the presence of EOP (18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mu g/mL) to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and IC50 (concentration required to inhibit 50% of the population) values. Then, T. cad larvae treated with the MIC of EOP were inoculated in mice to evaluate their progression in vivo. A concentration of 600 mu g/mL of EOP showed 100% larvicidal activity after exposure for 48 h, while 300 mu g/mL represented the IC50 and CC50. The anthelmintic activity of EOP was confirmed by the inability of the treated T. cad larvae to infect the mice. Our findings demonstrate the potential of EOP as an anthelmintic.