Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Volume 173, Issue 6, Pages 575-587Publisher
AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091228
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- C.R. Roper Fellowship at the University of Melbourne
- NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship [1059660]
- Integria Healthcare
- MediHerb
- Pfizer
- Taki Mai
- Pepsico
- BioCeuticals
- Blackmores
- Soho-Flordis
- Elsevier
- HealthEd
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- FisherWallace
- Nordic Naturals
- Methylation Sciences
- PharmoRx Therapeutics
- AstraZeneca
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Forest
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Neuralstem
- PAMLAB
- Ridge Diagnostics
- Sunovion
- Tal Medical
- Theracos
- Acadia
- Alkermes
- Avanir
- AXSOME Therapeutics
- Biogen
- Cerecor
- Dinippon Sumitomo
- Eli Lilly
- EnVivo
- Euthymics Bioscience
- FORUM
- GenOmind
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Intracellular
- Janssen RD
- Johnson&Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Lundbeck
- Merck
- MSI Methylation Sciences
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- National Coordinating Center for Integrative Medicine
- NIDA
- NIMH
- Naurex
- Nestle Health Sciences
- Novartis
- Nutrition 21
- Osmotica
- Otsuka
- Photothera
- PPD
- Puretech Ventures
- PsychoGenics
- RCT Logic
- Reckitt Benckiser
- Roche
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Servier Laboratories
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Taisho
- Takeda
- VistaGen
- Stanley Medical Research Foundation
- MBF
- NHMRC
- Cooperative Research Centre
- Simons Autism Foundation
- Cancer Council of Victoria
- Rotary Health
- Meat and Livestock Board
- Woolworths
- BeyondBlue
- Geelong Medical Research Foundation
- Organon
- Mayne Pharma
- Servier
- Wyeth
- Lundbeck
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Objective: There is burgeoning interest in augmentation strategies for improving inadequate response to antidepressants. The adjunctive use of standardized pharmaceutical grade nutrients, known as nutraceuticals, has the potential to modulate several neurochemical pathways implicated in depression. While many studies have been conducted in this area, to date no specialized systematic review (or meta analysis) has been conducted. Method: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted up to December 2015 for clinical trials using adjunctive nutrients for depression. Where sufficient data were available, a random-effects model analyzed the standard mean difference between treatment and placebo in the change from baseline to endpoint, combining the effect size data. Funnel plot and heterogeneity analyses were also performed. Results: Primarily positive results were found for replicated studies testing S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), methylfolate, omega-3 (primarily EPA or ethyl-EPA), and vitamin D, with positive isolated studies for creatine, folinic acid, and an amino acid combination. Mixed results were found for zinc, folic add, vitamin C, and tryptophan, with nonsignificant results for inositol. No major adverse effects were noted in the studies (aside from minor digestive disturbance). A meta-analysis of adjunctive omega-3 versus placebo revealed a significant and moderate to strong effect in favor of omega-3. Conversely, a meta analysis of folic acid revealed a nonsignificant difference from placebo. Marked study heterogeneity was found in a Higgins test for both omega-3 and folic acid studies; funnel plots also revealed asymmetry (reflecting potential study bias). Conclusions: Current evidence supports adjunctive use of SAMe, methylfolate, omega-3, and vitamin D with antidepressants to reduce depressive symptoms.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available