Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages 12574-12589Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04748-4
Keywords
Air transportation; Railways transportation; Carbon dioxide emissions; GDP per capita; Trade openness; Forest depletion; Natural resource depletion; Travel services; Pakistan
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Funding
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RG-1436-037]
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The objective of the study is to examine the impact of air-railways transportation on environmental degradation in the form of high mass carbon emission, natural resource depletion and forest depletion in the context of Pakistan by using an annual time series data from 1975 to 2016. The results show that railway passengers carried increases carbon emissions while air-railways transportation and travel services degrade environment in the form of natural resource depletion. The study verified pollution haven hypothesis where trade liberalization policies increases carbon emissions; however, population genius principle is hold where population growth conserve natural resources and environment through affluence and technology. The study concluded that government should take serious action to re-define transportation infrastructure in order to promote environmental sustainability agenda by introducing green vehicles and green transportation system, which is imperative for country's long-term sustainable development.
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