4.6 Article

Novel haloarchaeal viruses from Lake Retba infecting Haloferax and Halorubrum species

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 2129-2147

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14604

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Funding

  1. Agence Nationale pour la Recherche grant [ANR-17-CE15-0005-01]
  2. European Research Council (ERC) grant from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/Project EVOMOBIL-ERC Grant [340440]
  3. European Molecular Biology Organization [ALTF 1562-2015]
  4. Marie Curie Actions program from the European Commission (LTFCOFUND2013) [GA-2013-609409]
  5. Academy of Finland
  6. University of Helsinki

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The diversity of archaeal viruses is severely undersampled compared with that of viruses infecting bacteria and eukaryotes, limiting our understanding on their evolution and environmental impacts. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of four new viruses infecting halophilic archaea from the saline Lake Retba, located close to Dakar on the coast of Senegal. Three of the viruses, HRPV10, HRPV11 and HRPV12, have enveloped pleomorphic virions and should belong to the family Pleolipoviridae, whereas the forth virus, HFTV1, has an icosahedral capsid and a long non-contractile tail, typical of bacterial and archaeal members of the order Caudovirales. Comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses place HRPV10, HRPV11 and HRPV12 into the genus Betapleolipovirus, whereas HFTV1 appears to be most closely related to the unclassified Halorubrum virus HRTV-4. Differently from HRTV-4, HFTV1 encodes host-derived minichromosome maintenance helicase and PCNA homologues, which are likely to orchestrate its genome replication. HFTV1, the first archaeal virus isolated on a Haloferax strain, could also infect Halorubrum sp., albeit with an eightfold lower efficiency, whereas pleolipoviruses nearly exclusively infected autochthonous Halorubrum strains. Mapping of the metagenomic sequences from this environment to the genomes of isolated haloarchaeal viruses showed that these known viruses are underrepresented in the available viromes.

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