A copula-based method to consider uncertainties for multi-objective energy management of microgrid in presence of demand response

Utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) has been increased due to economic-environmental aspects. However, uncertain nature of wind, solar power, market clearing price (MCP), and load complicates the energy management (EM) process of microgrids. This paper studies the EM problem of a grid-connected microgrid from the generating side's perspective. Firstly, the mathematical formulation of microgrid components including wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), micro turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC) and energy storage system (ESS) has been presented. An improved incentive-based demand response program (DRP) is applied to provide generation-consumption balance by modifying the load pattern. Considering the intra-day market in the formulation of EM is the first contribution of this paper. Furthermore, a new hybrid copula-scenario based uncertainty modeling technique has been presented in this paper. Formulating operational cost and environmental pollution as the objective functions, the proposed EM problem will be solved by multi-objective group search optimization (MOGSO) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in solving microgrid EM problem. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.