Dysregulation of redox pathways in liver fibrosis

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in physiological signaling and cell fate decisions. In chronic liver diseases persistent and increased production of oxidative radicals drives a fibrogenic response that is a common feature of disease progression. Despite our understanding the biology of the main prooxidant enzymes, their targets, and antioxidant mechanisms in the liver, there is still lack of knowledge concerning their precise role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This review will examine the role of physiological redox signaling in the liver, provide an overview on recent advances in prooxidant and antioxidant pathways that are dysregulated during fibrosis, and highlight possible novel treatment targets.