Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
Volume 311, Issue 1, Pages E32-E41Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00012.2016
Keywords
autonomic nervous system; hypothalamus; inflammation
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01-DK-078750, R01-AG-031774, R01-HL-113180, R01-DK-099136]
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Interdisciplinary studies in the research fields of endocrinology and immunology show that obesity-associated overnutrition leads to neuroinflammatory molecular changes, in particular in the hypothalamus, chronically causing various disorders known as elements of metabolic syndrome. In this process, neural or hypothalamic inflammation impairs the neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation of the brain over blood pressure and glucose homeostasis as well as insulin secretion, and elevated sympathetic activation has been appreciated as a critical mediator. This review describes the involved physiology and mechanisms, with a focus on glucose and blood pressure balance, and suggests that neuroinflammation employs the autonomic nervous system to mediate the development of diabetes and hypertension.
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