Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 311, Issue 6, Pages C846-C853Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00288.2015
Keywords
atomic force microscopy; endothelial cells; glycocalyx; mechano-transduction; TRP channels
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Funding
- Lehigh University scholarships
- Lehigh University Grants for Experiential Learning in Health
- American Heart Association Grant [11SDG5420008]
- start-up funding from Lehigh University
- Rossin Doctoral Fellowship from Lehigh University
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The endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) is a carbohydrate-rich layer found on the vascular endothelium, serving critical functions in the mechano-transduction of blood flow-induced forces. One of the most important protective functions of the ESG is to mediate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in response to blood flow. However, the detailed mechanism underlying ESG's mechanotransduction of the production of NO has not been completely identified. Herein, using the cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) as a model system, we have implemented a combined atomic force and fluorescence microscopy approach to show that the ESG senses and transduces vertical mechanical stretch to produce NO. This rapid NO production is dependent on the presence of both heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in ESG, as the removal of HS and/or HA leads to a significant decrease in NO production. Moreover, the production of NO is dependent on the intake of Ca2+ via endothelial transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Together, our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism of rapid production of NO in response to vertical mechanical stretch.
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