Journal
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
Volume 161, Issue -, Pages 10-17Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.10.026
Keywords
Supercapacitor; Polyacrylonitrile; Porous carbon fibers; KOH activation
Funding
- Technology Innovation Program - ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea) [10080293]
- Traditional Culture Convergence Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2018M3C1B5052283]
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Activated microporous polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers (APCFs) were synthesized by a sequential process of electrospinning, carbonization, and KOH activation. The porosity and surface chemistry of the APCFs strongly depended on the activation temperature. The specific surface area and pore volume varied from 15 to 1886 m(2) g(-1) and 0.021-1.196 cm(3) g(-1), respectively, as the activation temperature increased; this was accompanied by morphology changes at high temperature. The dominant microstructure and minor mesostructure improved the capacitance of carbon. Compared to the other samples, APCFs activated at an optimum temperature of 1000 degrees C showed the highest specific capacitance of 103.01 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) in 1 mol L-1 Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, and an excellent cycling durability up to 3000 cycles. The improved electrochemical efficiency could be explained by the high specific surface area, suitable pore size, and influence of heteroatoms relative to the increased electrical double-layers. The change in the pore size distribution with activation temperature is also discussed in detail.
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