Close Patient Follow-up Among Patients Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy

Background. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs allow patients to receive intravenous treatment in the outpatient setting. We developed a predictive model of 30-day readmission among hospitalized patients discharged on OPAT from 2 academic medical centers with a dedicated OPAT clinic for management. Methods. A retrospective medical records review was performed and logistic regression was used to assess OPAT and other outpatient clinic follow-up in conjunction with age, sex, pathogen, diagnosis, discharge medication, planned length of therapy, and Charlson comorbidity score. We hypothesized that at least 1 follow-up visit at the Emory OPAT clinic would reduce the risk for hospital readmission within 30 days. Results. Among 755 patients, 137 (18%) were readmitted within 30 days. Most patients (73%) received outpatient follow-up care at Emory Healthcare within 30 days of discharge or prior to readmission, including 52% of patients visiting the OPAT clinic. The multivariate logistic regression model indicated that a follow-up OPAT clinic visit was associated with lower readmission compared to those who had no follow-up visit (odds ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, .06-.17]) after adjusting for infection with enterococci, Charlson score, discharge location, and county of residence. Conclusions. These results can inform potential interventions to prevent readmissions through OPAT clinic follow-up and to further assess factors associated with successful care transitions from the inpatient to outpatient setting.