Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 6, Pages 2036-2047Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05093
Keywords
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Funding
- State of Washington through the University of Washington Clean Energy Institute
- State of Washington via Washington Research Foundation
- Inamori Foundation
- DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [KC020105-FWP12152]
- program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist [16XD1401100]
- Guangdong Innovation Ream Project [2017ZT07C062]
- Shenzhen Pengcheng-Scholarship program
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Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) are very promising for large-scale grid energy storage applications owing to their low cost, environmentally benign constituents, excellent safety, and relatively high energy density. Their usage, however, is largely hampered by the fast capacity fade. The complexity of the reactions has resulted in long-standing ambiguities of the chemical pathways of Zn/MnO2 system. In this study, we find that both H+/Zn2+ intercalation and conversion reactions occur at different voltages and that the rapid capacity fading can clearly be ascribed to the rate-limiting and irreversible conversion reactions at a lower voltage. By limiting the irreversible conversion reactions at similar to 1.26 V, we successfully demonstrate ultrahigh power and long life that are superior to most of the reported ZIBs or even some lithium-ion batteries.
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