Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 359, Issue -, Pages 713-722Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.180
Keywords
Sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron; Phosphorus functionalization of biochar; Dechlorination; Antibiotic removal
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0402600]
- Shanghai Pujiang Program [15PJD014]
- Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [16CG23]
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF [EF-0830093, DBI-1266252]
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Aggregation of nZVI and sulfur-modified nZVI (S-nZVI) can lower its reactivity with contaminants in water. To overcome this limitation, we synthesized biochar-supported nZVI and S-nZVI using a phosphate pretreatment of the biochar (pBC) to uniformly distribute the nZVI and S-nZVI onto the biochar support. The participation of phosphorus groups in the synthesis, and the good distribution of S-nZVI on the pBC were confirmed by FTIR, SEM, XRD, and XPS. Pretreatment of the biochar led to smaller well-dispersed S-nZVI compared to S-nZVI supported on untreated biochar. This increased the surface area of the S-nZVI and the reaction rate with the antibiotic florfenicol (FF). The removal rate of FF by pBC-S-nZVI was 4.3 times higher than that by unsupported S-nZVI. Even though FF strongly adsorbed to the pBC support, FF was fully degraded based on the mass balance results. Surface area normalized reaction rate constants (k(SA)) for FF removal by S-nZVI, BC-S-nZVI, and pBC-S-nZVI were similar, suggesting that the enhanced reactivity is due to the greater dispersion of S-nZVI on the treated biochar. These results provide a simple pretreatment method for dispersing nZVI or S-nZVI onto biochar supports.
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