Journal
CHEMBIOCHEM
Volume 20, Issue 18, Pages 2298-2321Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800809
Keywords
biocatalysis; biofuels; fatty acids; metabolism; multidomain enzymes; protein engineering
Funding
- Volkswagen Foundation [Lichtenberg Professorship] Funding Source: Medline
- LOEWE Program [MegaSyn Research Cluster, DynaMem Research Cluster] Funding Source: Medline
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De novo biosynthesis of fatty acids is an iterative process requiring strict regulation of the lengths of the produced fatty acids. In this review, we focus on the factors determining chain lengths in fatty acid biosynthesis. In a nutshell, the process of chain-length regulation can be understood as the output of a chain-elongating C-C bond forming reaction competing with a terminating fatty acid release function. At the end of each cycle in the iterative process, the synthesizing enzymes need to decide whether the growing chain is to be elongated through another cycle or released as the mature fatty acid. Recent research has shed light on the factors determining fatty acid chain length and has also achieved control over chain length for the production of the technologically interesting short-chain (C-4-C-8) and medium-chain (C-10-C-14) fatty acids.
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