Cicada slough-derived heteroatom incorporated porous carbon for supercapacitor: Ultra-high gravimetric capacitance

Heteroatom incorporated porous carbon from cicada slough, has been synthesized through a simple activation process. The cicada slough-based porous carbon has high potency of naturally-derived heteroatom functionalities (similar to 12.06% atomic ratio of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus), welldeveloped microporosity and high specific surface area (1676m(2) g(-1)). Supercapacitor involves the asobtained carbon as electrode material showing ultra-high specific capacitance of 355 F g(-1) at the current density of 1 A g(-1) and excellent rate capability of 284 F g(-1) at 30 A g(-1). The retention of specific capacitance of the working electrode remains over 90% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g(-1). Single electrode in the symmetric-two-electrode test also delivers high specific capacitance of 274 F g(-1) with the energy density up to similar to 9.0Wh kg(-1) in aqueous electrolyte. These outstanding results suggest the biomass derived porous carbon possessing the potential for the fabrication of high performance supercapacitors. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.