Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Volume 214, Issue 5, Pages 251-259Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.20
Keywords
Health behaviour; obesity; physical health; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia
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Funding
- Blackmores Institute Fellowship
- MRC Doctoral Training Grant [P117413F07]
- Health Education England
- NIHR Integrated Clinical Academic (ICA) Programme [ICA-CL-2017-03-001]
- Maudsley Charity
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- Brawn Research Fellowship, University of Newcastle
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Background Severe mental illness (SMI) is thought to be associated with lower diet quality and adverse eating behaviours contributing towards physical health disparities. A rigorous review of the studies looking at dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder is lacking. Aims To conduct a systematic, comprehensive evaluation of the published research on dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. Method Six electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on dietary intakes in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. Dietary-assessment methods, and dietary intakes, were systematically reviewed. Where possible, data was pooled for meta-analysis and compared with healthy controls. Results In total, 58 eligible studies were identified. People with SMI were found to have significantly higher dietary energy (mean difference 1332 kJ, 95% CI 487-2178 kJ/day, P = 0.002, g = 0.463) and sodium (mean difference 322 mg, 95% CI 174-490 mg, P < 0.001, g = 0.414) intake compared with controls. Qualitative synthesis suggested that higher energy and sodium intakes were associated with poorer diet quality and eating patterns. Conclusions These dietary components should be key targets for preventative interventions to improve weight and other physical health outcomes in people with SMI. Declaration of interest S.B.T. and E.T. have clinical dietitian appointments within the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District and do not receive any further funding.
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