Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 128, Issue -, Pages 176-185Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.049
Keywords
Microfluidic paper-based device; Troponin T; Creatine kinase-MB; Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB; Acute myocardial infarction; Multiplex detection
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Funding
- University of Malaya postgraduate grant (PPP) [PG021-2015A]
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) from the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia (MOHE) [FP041-2016]
- Research University Grant [GPF057B-2018]
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The early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) upon the onset of chest pain symptoms is crucial for patient survival. However, this detection is challenging, particularly without a persistent elevation of ST-segment reflected in an electrocardiogram or in blood tests. A majority of the available point-of-care testing devices allow accurate and rapid diagnosis of AMI. However, AMI diagnosis is reliable only at intermediate and later stages, with myocardial injury (> 6 h) and MI, based on the expression of specific cardiac biomarkers including troponin I or T (cTnI or cTnT), creatine kinase-MB (CK - MB), and myoglobin. Diagnosis at the early myocardial ischemia stage is not possible. To overcome this limitation, a sensitive and rapid microfluidic paper-based device ( PAD) was developed for the simultaneous detection of multiple cardiac biomarkers for the early and late diagnosis of AMI. The glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) was detected during early (within first 4 h) ischemic myocardial injury. On the same PAD platform, detection of prolonged elevation of levels of cTnT and CK-MB, which are only produced 6 h after the onset of chest pain in human serum, was possible. Sandwich immunoassay performed on the PAD achieved reproducibility (RSD approximately 10% and intra-and inter-day precision (CV 10-20%, 99th percentile), as well as consistently stable test results for 28 days, with strong correlation (r(2) = 0.962), using the standard Siemens Centaur XPT Immunoassay system. The present findings indicate the potential of the PAD platform as a point-of-care device for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.
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