Isolation, characterization, and structural elucidation of 4-methoxyacetanilide from marine actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. SCA29 and evaluation of its enzyme inhibitory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic potential

Marine actinobacteria are less explored than their terrestrial counterparts as potential source of natural products. The present study was aimed to elucidate the bioactive potential of metabolites produced by marine-derived actinobacterial strain Streptomyces sp.SCA29 isolated from Havelock Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The potential isolate SCA29 was identified as Streptomyces sp. by phenotypic, genotypic (16S-rRNA) and phylogenetic analyses. The crude bioactive compound was extracted using organic solvents. The compounds were subjected to separation and purification by column chromatography which yielded six fractions. Each fraction was assayed for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, antagonistic activity against bacterial pathogens, and cytotoxic activity against various cell lines. The fraction F3c was considered to be highly active owing to its significant inhibition potential against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes with IC50 values as 44.26 and 53.19 mu g/mL, respectively. The active fraction showed antibacterial activity against test bacterial pathogens with the MIC value ranged from 3.90 to 31.25 mu g/mL. The compound also exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on various cell lines without significant effect against human normal cells. The bioassay-guided fractionation of extract led to the identification of 4-methoxyacetanilide, an acetamide derivative. The structure of the bioactive compound was confirmed by HR-MS, NMR (1H and 13C) and FT-IR spectra, and by comparison with literature data.