Journal
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 470, Issue -, Pages 535-542Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.016
Keywords
rCVD process; Catalytic graphitization; Electron microscopy; Gibbs free energy
Categories
Funding
- German Research Foundation [271608950]
- European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [78519]
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Aerographite is a 3D interconnected carbon foam with a tetrapodal morphology. The synthesis of Aerographite is based on a two-step process: first the production of a zinc oxide (ZnO) template in a flame transport synthesis (FTS) followed by the replication into the carbon structure in a chemical vapour deposition process (CVD). This study presents a growth model of this 3D carbon foam via analyzing the newly formed carbon structure in an interrupted synthesis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the Gibbs free energy of the occurred replica CVD (rCVD) process, based on the reduction of ZnO and the formation of carbon layers, was calculated. During the CVD process the injected carbon deposits on the surfaces of the ZnO tetrapods, while simultaneously the replication into the carbon structure takes place, as a result of the reduction of ZnO into gaseous zinc and water vapour, which is due to the reaction of ZnO with the hydrogen (H-2) from the injected source. This replication of the ZnO template into a carbon structure is based on an epitaxial controlled process combined with a catalytic graphitization, whereby the morphology of the template structure is replicated by the carbon. Furthermore, the influence of the growth process on the arrangement of carbon in layers and formation of defects was explained.
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