Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 123, Issue 6, Pages 929-949Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy234
Keywords
Adventitious rooting; root; wound response; auxin; plant hormones; mechanical stress; signalling; carbohydrates; mineral; source-sink; genetic; chromatin
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain [AGL2012-33610, BIO2015-64255-R]
- FEDER Funds of the European Commission
- Pakt fur Forschung und Innovation of the Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Germany (WGL),
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA2996/6-1, DR 411/2-1]
- Pakt fur Forschung und Innovation of the Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Germany (WGL)
- State of Brandenburg
- State of Saxony-Anhalt
- Free State of Thuringia
- Federal Republic of Germany
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Background Adventitious root (AR) formation in excised plant parts is a bottleneck for survival of isolated plant fragments. AR formation plays an important ecological role and is a critical process in cuttings for the clonal propagation of horticultural and forestry crops. Therefore, understanding the regulation of excision-induced AR formation is essential for sustainable and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Scope Recent studies of plant transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and the use of mutants and transgenic lines have significantly expanded our knowledge concerning excision-induced AR formation. Here, we integrate new findings regarding AR formation in the cuttings of diverse plant species. These findings support a new system-oriented concept that the phytohormone-controlled reprogramming and differentiation of particular responsive cells in the cutting base interacts with a co-ordinated reallocation of plant resources within the whole cutting to initiate and drive excision-induced AR formation. Master control by auxin involves diverse transcription factors and mechanically sensitive microtubules, and is further linked to ethylene, jasmonates, cytokinins and strigolactones. Hormone functions seem to involve epigenetic factors and cross-talk with metabolic signals, reflecting the nutrient status of the cutting. By affecting distinct physiological units in the cutting, environmental factors such as light, nitrogen and iron modify the implementation of the genetically controlled root developmental programme. Conclusion Despite advanced research in the last decade, important questions remain open for future investigations on excision-induced AR formation. These concern the distinct roles and interactions of certain molecular, hormonal and metabolic factors, as well as the functional equilibrium of the whole cutting in a complex environment. Starting from model plants, cell type-and phase-specific monitoring of controlling processes and modification of gene expression are promising methodologies that, however, need to be integrated into a coherent model of the whole system, before research findings can be translated to other crops.
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