Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 58, Issue 18, Pages 5872-5876Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814575
Keywords
chemical evolution; peptides; peptide materials; self-assembly; tyrosine oxidation
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21522307, 21773248, 21802144, 21802143]
- National Natural Science Fund BRICS STI Framework Programme [51861145304]
- Innovation Research Community Science Fund [21821005]
- Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [QYZDB-SSW-JSC034]
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In diverse biological systems, the oxidation of tyrosine to melanin or dityrosine is crucial for the formation of crosslinked proteins and thus for the realization of their structural, biological, and photoactive functionalities; however, the predominant factor in determining the pathways of this chemical evolution has not been revealed. Herein, we demonstrate for tyrosine-containing amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins that the selective oxidation of tyrosine to produce melanin or dityrosine can be readily realized by manipulating the oxygen concentration in the reaction system. This oxygen-dependent pathway selection reflects the selective chemical evolution of tyrosine to dityrosine and melanin in anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms, respectively. The resulting melanin- and dityrosine-containing nanomaterials reproduce key functions of their natural counterparts with respect to their photothermal and photoluminescent characteristics, respectively. This work reveals the plausible role of oxygen in the chemical evolution of tyrosine derivatives and provides a versatile strategy for the rational design of tyrosine-based multifunctional biomaterials.
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