Journal
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 411, Issue 9, Pages 1703-1713Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01633-4
Keywords
Nanobody; Imaging; Therapeutic; Diagnosis; Immunoassays; Single-domain antibody
Funding
- ImmunoQS project - MINECO, Programa Estatal de Investigacion Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad [SAF2015-67476-R]
- Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informacio de la Generalitat de Catalunya [2017 SGR 1441]
- Spanish National Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Regional Development Fund
- Iniciativa Ingenio 2010
- Consolider Program
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Nanobodies (Nbs) have arisen as an alternative to conventional antibodies (Abs) and show great potential when used as tools in different biotechnology fields such as diagnostics and therapy. Different approaches have been described for the production of Nbs and these methods face new challenges focused on improving yield, affinity, and reducing production costs. This review summarizes these challenges, and also the latest advances in the detection of different kinds of molecules, such as proteins and small molecules, and describes their potential use for noninvasive in vivo imaging and for in vitro assays. Moreover, the unique properties of Nbs are outlined like internalization, size, thermal and chemical stability, affinity, blood clearance, and labeling procedures. Concerning therapeutic applications, we highlight some already reported examples about Nbs being used for the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative or infectious diseases among others. Finally, future trends, opportunities, and disadvantages are also discussed.
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