A multi-threshold long life time protocol with consistent performance for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, a new energy efficient Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)-based routing protocol has been presented that increases a wireless sensor network lifetime. Clustering methods have been used in many routing protocols to increase the network lifetime. Despite the recent LEACH-based protocols, the presented protocol uses several threshold values instead of one, based on the network state. This technique considers the variance and average of both the residual energy of the nodes and the distances from the base station. The multi-threshold technique leads to a more precise cluster head selection and a longer network lifetime. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of the whole network has been reduced by at least 70% compared to the recent clustering-based routing protocols. The Multi-Threshold Long Lifetime Protocol (MTLLP) has consistent results with the variation of the number of sensor nodes. (C) 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.