Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 31, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807615
Keywords
degradation; MNx moieties; oxygen reduction; PGM-free catalysts; platinum group metal-free catalysts
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cell Technologies Office
- NSERC (Canada)
- Innovation Fund Denmark [4106-00012B]
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In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. At the same time the limited durability of these catalysts remains a great challenge that needs to be addressed. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the main causes of instability of PGM-free ORR catalysts in acidic environments, focusing on transition metal/nitrogen codoped systems (M-N-C catalysts, M: Fe, Co, Mn), particularly MNx moiety active sites. Of several possible degradation mechanisms, demetalation and carbon oxidation are found to be the most likely reasons for M-N-C catalysts/cathodes degradation.
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