Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 29, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201808191
Keywords
double layer; encryption; lanthanides; luminescence; mechanochromic hydrogels
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Funding
- BioSystems and Micromechanics thrust of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (BioSym-SMART)
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Hydrogel-based soft mechanochromic materials that display colorimetric changes upon mechanical stimuli have attracted wide interest in sensors and display device applications. A common strategy to produce mechanochromic hydrogels is through photonic structures, in which mechanochromism is obtained by strain-dependent diffraction of light. Here, a distinct concept and simple fabrication strategy is presented to produce luminescent mechanochromic hydrogels based on a double-layer design. The two layers contain different luminescent species-carbon dots and lanthanide ions-with overlapped excitation spectra and distinct emission spectra. The mechanochromism is rendered by strain-dependent transmittance of the top-layer, which regulates light emission from the bottom-layer to control the overall hydrogel luminescence. An analytical model is developed to predict the initial luminescence color and color changes as a function of uniaxial strain. Finally, this study demonstrates proof-of-concept applications of the mechanochromic hydrogel for pressure and contact force sensors as well as for encryption devices.
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