Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages 11391-11402Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21705
Keywords
titanium dioxide; hierarchical assembly; interface; carbon layer; oxygen vacancy
Funding
- Samsung Research Funding Center of Samsung Electronics [SRFC-MA1601-03]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2016R1A1A1A05005038, NRF-2018M3A7B8061494]
- Ministry of Education [NRF-2018R1A6A1A03024231]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2018M3A7B8061494] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Despite the many benefits of hierarchical nanostructures of oxide-based electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, it remains a challenging task to fully exploit the advantages of such materials partly because of their intrinsically poor electrical conductivities. The resulting limited electron supply to primary particles inside secondary microparticles gives rise to significant variation in the lithium ion (Li+) storage capability within the nanostructured particles. To address this, facile annealing, where in situ generated carbon-coated primary particles were assembled into porous microagglomerates, is demonstrated to prepare nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2). A systematic study on the effect of the carbon coating reveals that it is exclusively governed by the characteristics of the TiO2/carbon interface rather than by the nature of the carbon coating. Depending on their number, oxygen vacancies created by carbothermal reduction on the TiO2 surface are detrimental to Li+ diffusion in the TiO2 lattice, and structural distortion at the interface profoundly influences the Li+ (de)intercalation mechanism. This new insight serves as a stepping stone toward understanding an important yet often overlooked effect of the oxide/carbon interface on Li+ storage kinetics, thereby demanding more investigations to establish a new design principle for carbon-coated oxide electrode materials.
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