Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 7, Pages 7379-7386Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19824
Keywords
electrospinning; nanofiber; nanocomposite; penetrated electrodes; flexible sensor
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51575027]
- Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality [3152017]
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2015CB059900]
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Piezoelectric polymers with good flexibility have attracted tremendous attention in wearable sensors and energy harvesters. As the piezoelectricity of polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] is lower than that of their ceramic counterparts, various approaches have been employed to improve the piezoelectric output of PVDF-based sensors, such as electrospinning, heat annealing, nanoconfinement, polymer blending, and nanoparticle addition. Here, we report two strategies to improve the piezoelectric sensing performance of polymer-based piezoelectric nanofibers, which include the formation of barium titanate (BTO)/P(VDF-TrFE) composite nanofibers and fabrication of penetrated electrodes to enlarge the interfacial area. BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers with a BTO weight fraction of 5 wt % exhibit the maximum beta-phase crystallinity and piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric output of the BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber mat is significantly improved compared with that of pristine P(VDF-TrFE), which is confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and compression loading tests. In order to form the penetrated electrodes, oxygen (O-2) plasma treatment is employed, followed by an electroless plating process. The BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers with penetrated electrodes demonstrate increased dielectric constants and enhanced piezoelectric outputs. A BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber-based sensor with penetrated electrodes is capable of discerning the energy of a free-falling ball as low as 0.6 mu J and sensing the movement of a walking ant.
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