Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 5989-5998Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18746
Keywords
hybrid capacitive deionization; 3D graphene network; Prussian blue; aqueous in situ XRD; intercalation mechanism; desalination; energy consumption
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Singapore, Prime Minister's Office under its Environment & Water Research Programme [1301-IRIS-17]
- Singapore MOE Tier 2 grant [MOE2015-T2-1-150]
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In this study, we introduced an efficient hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system for removal of NaCl from brackish water, in which Prussian blue nanocubes embedded in a highly conductive reduced graphene oxide aerogel have been used as a binderfree intercalation anode to remove Na+ ions. The combination of redox-active nanocubes and the three-dimensional porous graphene network yielded a high salt removal capacity of 130 mg g(-1) at the current density of 100 mA g(-1). Moreover, energy recovery and energy consumption upon different desorption voltages of the HCDI system were investigated and the result showed a notably low energy consumption of 0.23 Wh g(-1) and a high energy recovery of 39%. Furthermore, the real-time intercalation process was verified by in situ X-ray powder diffraction measurements, which confirmed the intercalation and deintercalation processes during charging and discharging, respectively. Eventually, a perfect stability of the desalination unit was confirmed through the steady performance of 100 cycles. The improved efficiency as well as ease of fabrication opens a shiny horizon for our HCDI system toward commercialization of such technology for brackish water desalination.
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