Outcome of home parenteral nutrition in 251 children over a 14-y period: report of a single center

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the main treatment for intestinal failure. Objective: We aimed to review the indications for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in children and describe the outcome over a 14-y period from a single center. Design: We conducted a retrospective study that included all children who were referred to our institution and discharged while receiving HPN between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2013. The indications for HPN were divided into primary digestive diseases (PDDs) and primary nondigestive diseases (PNDDs). We compared our results to a previous study that was performed in our unit from 1980 to 2000 and included 302 patients. Results: A total of 251 patients were included: 217 (86%) had a PDD. The mean +/- SD age at HPN onset was 0.7 +/- 0.3 y, with a mean duration of 1.9 +/- 0.4 y. The indications for HPN were short bowel syndrome (SBS) (59%), PNDD (14%), congenital enteropathies (10%), chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes (9%), inflammatory bowel diseases (5%), and other digestive diseases (3%). By 31 December 2013, 52% of children were weaned off of HPN, 9% of the PDD subgroup had intestinal transplantation, and 10% died mostly because of immune deficiency. The major complications of HPN were catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) (1.7/1000 d of PN) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) (51 children; 20% of cohort). An increased rate of CRBSIs was observed compared with our previous study, but we saw a decreasing trend since 2012. No noteworthy deceleration of growth was observed in SBS children 6 mo after weaning off HPN. Conclusions: SBS was the major indication for HPN in our cohort. IFALD and CRBSIs were potentially life-threatening problems. Nevertheless, complication rates were low, and deaths resulted mostly from the underlying disease.