Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 103, Issue 2, Pages 622S-628SPublisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110106
Keywords
dysphagia; feeding disorders; neonate; dysphagia; feeding disorders; neonate; aerodigestive reflexes; gastroesophageal reflux
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Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the NIH [2R01068158, 2P01068051]
- Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital
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Neonatal dysphagia, or abnormalities of swallowing, represent amajor global problem, and consequences of dysfunctional feeding patterns carry over into infancy and toddler age groups. Growth, development, and independent feeding skills are all delayed among high-risk infants. Such a group comprises premature birth, low-birth-weight, congenital anomalies, perinatal asphyxia, postsurgical, and sepsis categories. The conflict between pathophysiologic and pragmatic feeding strategies remains a major conundrum and is largely due to a lack of validated diagnostic approaches amid heterogeneity of the patient phenotype. Thus, well-tested feeding management strategies that can be generalizable are lacking. Furthermore, the aerodigestive symptoms and signs, potential risk factors, and contributory etiologies remain nonspecific. This article presents mechanistic evidence related to the pathophysiologic basis of neonatal dysphagia as well as potential opportunities to improve feeding abilities and long-term development.
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