Journal
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 40, Issue 10, Pages 2030-2042Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/acer.13200
Keywords
Extracellular Matrix; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Perineuronal Nets; Synaptic Plasticity
Categories
Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [U01 AA016654, U01 AA020912, P50 AA022538] Funding Source: Medline
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The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) occupies the space between cells and is involved in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. However, in addition to providing structural support to brain tissue, the ECM activates cell signaling and controls synaptic transmission. The expression and activity of brain ECM components are regulated by alcohol exposure. This review will discuss what is currently known about the effects of alcohol on the activity and expression of brain ECM components. An interpretation of how these changes might promote alcohol use disorder (AUD) will be also provided. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure decreases levels of structural proteins involved in the interstitial matrix and basement membrane, with a concomitant increase in proteolytic enzymes that degrade these components. In contrast, EtOH exposure generally increases perineuronal net components. Because the ECM has been shown to regulate both synaptic plasticity and behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, regulation of the brain ECM by alcohol may be relevant to the development of alcoholism. Although investigation of the function of brain ECM in alcohol abuse is still in early stages, a greater understanding of the interplay between ECM and alcohol might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for treating AUD.
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