Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 30, Pages 5453-5459Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201600820
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Funding
- Department of Energy [DE-SC-0010399]
- National Science Foundation [NSF 1454950, ACI-1053575]
- Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE)
- DMREF-NSF [1434897]
- American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [54075-ND10]
- AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0342, FA9550-15-1-0334]
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1434897] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1454950] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Electronic properties of low dimensional systems are particularly sensitive to surface adsorbates. Clear understanding of such phenomena can lead to highly effective and nondestructive material engineering techniques. In this work, water adsorption at the surface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures is systematically studied. The saturation of surface dangling bonds by spontaneous water chemisorptions is found to be a main enabler of the formation of the interface 2D electron gas. In particular, when imbalanced distributions of water based ions, namely protons and hydroxyls, are generated, interface electron doping or depletion becomes surface adsorbates dominant and independent of the LaAlO3 layer thickness. The investigations also reveal the importance of hydrogen bonding through molecular water layers, which provides an energetically feasible pathway for manipulating the surface-bond protons and thus the interface electrical characteristics.
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