Disintegration of simulated drinking water biofilms with arrays of microchannel plasma jets

Biofilms exist and thrive within drinking water distribution networks, and can present human health concerns. Exposure of simulated drinking water biofilms, grown from groundwater, to a 9 x 9 array of microchannel plasma jets has the effect of severely eroding the biofilm and deactivating the organisms they harbor. In-situ measurements of biofilm structure and thickness with an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system show the biofilm thickness to fall from 122 +/- 17 mu m to 55 +/- 13 mu m after 15 min. of exposure of the biofilm to the microplasma column array, when the plasmas are dissipating a power density of 58 W/cm(2). All biofilms investigated vanish with 20 min. of exposure. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrates that the number of living cells in the biofilms declines by more than 93% with 15 min. of biofilm exposure to the plasma arrays. Concentrations of several oxygen-bearing species, generated by the plasma array, were found to be 0.4-21 mu M/s for the hydroxyl radical (OH), 85-396 mu M/s for the O-1(2) excited molecule, 98-280 mu M for H2O2, and 24-42 mu M for 0 3 when the power density delivered to the array was varied between 3.6 W/cm(2) and 79 W/cm(2). The data presented here demonstrate the potential of microplasma arrays as a tool for controlling, through non-thermal disruption and removal, mixed-species biofilms prevalent in commercial and residential water systems.