DD Stimuli-Responsive Liquid Marbles: Controlling Structure, Shape, Stability, and Motion

Liquid marbles are liquid-in-gas dispersed systems stabilized by hydrophobic solid particles adsorbed at the gas-liquid interface. The structure, stability and movement of these liquid marbles can be controlled by external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, magnetic and electric fields, ultrasonic, mechanical stress and organic solvents. Stimuli-responsive modes can be categorized into five classes: (i) liquid marbles whose stability can be controlled by adsorption/desorption of solid particles to/from liquid surfaces, (ii) liquid marbles that can open and close their particle-coated surface by moving particles to and from the gas-liquid surface, (iii) liquid marbles that can move, (iv) liquid marbles that can change their shape and (v) liquid marbles that can be split. As a result of these stimuli-responsive characteristics, liquid marbles offer potential in the areas of controlled encapsulation, delivery and release.