Journal
EBIOMEDICINE
Volume 38, Issue -, Pages 265-272Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.035
Keywords
Antibiotics; Azithromycin; Gut microbiota; Children; Asthma; RCT
Funding
- Lundbeck Foundation
- Danish Ministry of Health
- Danish Council for Strategic Research
- Capital Region Research Foundation
- China Scholarship Council
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Background: Macrolides are commonly prescribed for respiratory infections and asthma-like episodes in children. While their clinical benefits have been proved, concerns regarding the side-effects of their therapeutic use have been raised. Here we assess the short-and long-term impacts of azithromycin on the gut microbiota of young children. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a group of children aged 12-36 months, diagnosed with recurrent asthma-like symptoms from the COPSAC2010 cohort. Each acute asthma-like episode was randomized to a 3-day course of azithromycin oral solution of 10 mg/kg per day or placebo. Azithromycin reduced episode duration by half, which was the primary end-point and reported previously. The assessment of gut microbiota after treatment was the secondary end-point and reported in this study. Fecal samples were collected 14 days after randomization (N = 59, short-term) and again at age 4 years (N = 49, long-term, of whom N=18 were placebo treated) and investigated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Findings: Short-term, azithromycin caused a 23% reduction in observed richness and 13% reduction in Shannon diversity. Microbiota composition was shifted primarily in the Actinobacteria phylum, especially a reduction of abundance in the genus Bifidobacterium. Long-term(13-39 months after treatment), we did not observe any differences between the azithromycin and placebo recipients in their gut microbiota composition. Interpretation: Azithromycin treatment induced a perturbation in the gut microbiota 14 days after randomization but did not have long-lasting effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, it should be noted that our analyses included a limited number of fecal samples for the placebo treated group at age 4 years. Fund: Lundbeck Foundation, Danish Ministry of Health, Danish Council for Strategic Research, Capital Region Research Foundation, China Scholarship Council. (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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