Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 1434-1439Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.10.009
Keywords
Sol-gel dipping; Titanium dioxide; Titanium (IV) isopropoxide; Solvent free; Photocatalytic activity; Green route
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) [FRGS/1/2016/TK05/FKP-AMC/F00319]
- Sustainable Material for Green Technology (SM4GT) group members of the Advanced Manufacturing Centre (AMC), UTeM
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In this paper, the effect of titanium (IV) isopropoxide TTIP molarity on the crystallinity and TiO2 thin film properties deposited via green sol-gel route was reported. The green sol-gel route is a pioneering approach for eco-friendly coating where solvent is not utilized in the sol formulation. This is in contrast to the common TiO2 sol formulation where solvent is used despite the long term harmful the environment. TiO2 solution with different TTIP molarity of 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M and 0.5 M were utilized during coating deposition. Deposition were conducted for ten times using dip coating and treated at 500 degrees C (1-h). The crystalline phases and phase content were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reference intensity ratio (RIR) equation. Crystallites size was obtained by Scherrer's equation while coating morphologies was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The photocatalytic activity was conducted by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) towards UV-light and visible light. At higher TTIP molarity (0.5 M), higher crystallinity of mixed anatase (similar to 17 nm) and rutile (similar to 29 nm) phases were obtained along with homogeneous coating (cracking and visible pore). Also, higher MB degradation were obtained at UV-light (95%) and visible-light (86%) irradiation. In conclusion, higher TTIP molarity produced TiO2 film with higher crystallinity, small crystallite size, cracking morphology thus contribute good performance in photocatalytic activity. Findings in this work shown that TiO2 thin film deposition is possible conducted without the use of solvent through optimized formulation of only precursor, acid and water. This is beneficial for the environment sustainability. (C) 2018 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
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