Understanding motivation to implement smoking bans among mothers with a hospitalized infant

Objective: Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) poses risks to hospitalized children upon discharge and no uniformly effective interventions have been identified. Understanding change-related processes and social contextual factors related to motivation for implementing home and car smoking bans may inform interventions to reduce infant SHSe among mothers with a hospitalized infant. Methods: In this cross-sectional, secondary analysis, mothers of neonatal ICU infants who reported smoking or living with a smoker (N = 205) were assigned to stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, or action) based on behaviors and intentions for establishing smoking bans in their homes and cars. Processes of change (POC) for SHSe reduction practices, self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and social support for not smoking in the home were examined across all four stages. Results: The majority of mothers were in the action stage for having a home smoking ban in place (55%); only 35% of participants were in action for a car smoking ban. POC use differed across the stages of change for having a home ban (p = 0.004) and car ban (p = 0.02), with earlier stages using fewer overall and relatively fewer cognitive/affective processes. Earlier stage women also reported lower self-efficacy to change, less familial and partner support for in-home smoking bans, and more depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Novel intervention targets were identified, including cognitive/affective change processes, mental health, and familial/social contingencies for implementing SHSe protective practices. Creative ways in which to affect change at the individual and household level are needed in order to fully address the complexity of child SHSe. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.