Bat algorithm with principal component analysis

The bat algorithm (BA) is a novel evolutionary optimization algorithm, most studies of which have been performed with low-dimensional problems. To test and improve the global search ability of BA with large-scale problems, two new variants using principal component analysis (PCA_BA and PCA_LBA) are designed in this paper. A correlation threshold and generation threshold are determined using the golden section method to enhance the effectiveness of this new strategy. To test performance, CEC'2008 large-scale benchmark functions are utilized and compared with other algorithms; simulation results indicate the validity of this modification.