Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00888
Keywords
neuromyelitis optica; aquaporin-4 antibodies; MOG-encephalomyelitis; diagnostic criteria; immunosuppressive treatment
Categories
Funding
- Bayer
- Novartis
- Biogen Idec
- Teva
- Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme
- Merck Serono
- Alexion
- Chugai
- MedImmune
- Shire
- German Research Council
- Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne
- German Ministry of Education and Research
- Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin
- EU FP7 Framework Program
- Arthur Arnstein Foundation Berlin
- Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation
- National Multiple Sclerosis of the USA
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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoantibody mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Serum antibodies (Abs) against the aquaporin-4 water channel lead to recurrent attacks of optic neuritis, myelitis and/or brainstem syndromes. In some patients with symptoms of NMOSD, no AQP4-Abs but Abs against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) are detectable. These clinical syndromes are now frequently referred to as MOG-encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM). Here we give an overview on current recommendations concerning diagnosis of NMOSD and MOG-EM. These include antibody and further laboratory testing, MR imaging and optical coherence tomography. We discuss therapeutic options of acute attacks as well as longterm immunosuppressive treatment, including azathioprine, rituximab, and immunoglobulins.
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